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1
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2
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- 1 The picture shows the results
of pouring a blue liquid into a clear liquid and allowing the mixture to
settle for 25 minutes. Compared to the clear liquid, the blue liquid is
more —
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3
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- 2 The bacteria Bacillus
thuringiensis produce protein crystals that are toxic to the digestive
system of insects. How can these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
- F Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
- G Expose the bacteria to low
levels of light.
- H Remove plants from areas
containing the
- bacteria.
- J Treat the bacteria with a
solution of the
- protein crystals.
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4
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5
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- 4 This picture shows a small
section of a solar power plant. Which of these decreases the energy
production at such power plants?
- F Cloudy skies
- G Ozone in the air
- H Hot weather
- J Low humidity
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6
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- 5 Which of these could be used
to determine whether a substance is a base?
- A Thermometer
- B Litmus paper
- C Balance
- D Bunsen burner
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7
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- 6 When a DVD is read, laser
light touches the DVD surface and is then measured at location A. What
allows light to return to location A after striking the DVD surface?
- F Conduction
- G Refraction
- H Magnification
- J Reflection
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8
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- 7 Which of these best explains
how mutation can be beneficial to an organism?
- A Phenotypic change may create an
advantage over other organisms.
- B Recombined genetic material
improves genotype stability.
- C Mitosis becomes a favored
means of reproduction.
- D Deoxyribose sugars develop
into additional nucleotides.
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9
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- 8 The box contains some facts
about kidneys and dialysis. Which of the following best explains why
dialysis works?
- F Dialysis reduces the size of
proteins.
- G Proteins are dissolved by
urine.
- H Dialysis filters proteins from
solution.
- J Proteins transport membrane
fragments.
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10
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- 9 The bonding characteristics of
oxygen are most similar to the bonding characteristics of —
- A hydrogen
- B silicon
- C helium
- D sulfur
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11
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- 10 How is the excretory system
most likely to respond when an animal is thirsty?
- F By relaxing the smooth
muscles
- G By retaining body fluids
- H By absorbing heat from lymph
glands
- J By releasing hormones
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12
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- 11 Compounds with the same
chemical composition may have different densities because they —
- A have differences in
reactivity
- B are able to bond with oxygen
- C vary in solubility
- D exist in different phases
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13
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- 12 An advertisement claims that
a certain truck has the most powerful engine in its class. If the engine
has more power, which of the following can the truck’s engine do,
compared to every other engine in its class?
- F Produce fewer emissions
- G Operate more efficiently
- H Perform work faster
- J Accelerate longer
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14
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- 13 The diagram shows several
phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following describes the most
likely effect of removing some plants from the area by using chemical
herbicides?
- A The rate of erosion of rocks
on the ground would be slowed.
- B The flow of necessary nutrients would
be disrupted.
- C The ability of plants to
complete photosynthesis would be increased.
- D The infiltration of water
into the ground would be halted.
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15
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16
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- 15 About 10% of the energy at
one trophic level is passed to the next level. What usually happens to
the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level or used to carry
out life processes?
- A It is given off as heat.
- B It is stored as vitamins.
- C It is used in reproduction.
- D It is used in protein
synthesis.
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17
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- 16 Which additional product
balances this reaction?
- F 4OH(aq)
- G CH4 (g)
- H H2O2(g)
- J 2H2O(g)
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18
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- 17 An empty cup was tightly
covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains of salt were sprinkled on
top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was struck and placed slightly
above the plastic wrap, the salt began to move. Which characteristic of
waves does the movement of the salt best demonstrate?
- A Echo formation
- B Diffraction
- C Resonance
- D Specular reflection
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19
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- 18 What is the net force exerted
on a 90.0 kg race-car driver while the race car is accelerating from 0
to 44.7 m/s in 4.50 s?
- F 9.8 N
- G 20 N
- H 201 N
- J 894 N
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20
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- 19 The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects
of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a
glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab
table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of
students avoid?
- A Heating water with an open flame
- B Pouring hydrochloric acid
into a beaker
- C Filtering precipitates from a
liquid solution
- D Collecting oxygen from plants
in a test tube
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21
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- 20 The graph shows how the
momentum of a given mass changes during a period of motion. According to
the information, what is the momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole number on the answer
document.
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22
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- 21 Power plants that discharge
warm water into rivers have a negative effect on aquatic life. This is
because the higher water temperature —
- A increases the pressure of the
river water
- B increases the pH value of the
river water
- C decreases sediment solubility
in the river water
- D decreases the dissolved oxygen
in the river water
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23
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24
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- 23 The table shows properties of
four liquids that are insoluble in water. If the four liquids are poured
into an Erlenmeyer flask containing water, which liquid will form a
layer below the water?
- A Q
- B R
- C S
- D T
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25
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- 24 The graph shows how the
voltage needed to maintain a constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire
conductor varies with the length of the wire. If the trend continues,
what is the most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
- F 10 volts
- G 18 volts
- H 250 volts
- J 400 volts
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26
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- 25 Which characteristic of
water best explains its ability to dissolve a great variety of
materials?
- A Its transparency in light
- C Its physical state of matter
- B Its electrical conductivity
- D Its molecular arrangement
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27
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- 26 Boiling water can be used to
sanitize dishes. The data above show how sanitizing time varies in
different locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
- F The boiling point of water is
constant at higher altitudes.
- G The boiling point of water is
affected by elevation.
- H Water takes longer to boil at
Fort Davis than at sea level.
- J Boiling water changes
temperature at a faster rate at Corpus Christi than at higher
elevations.
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28
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- 27 A medical researcher
hypothesizes that a newly developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the dependent variable in
a study involving this medication?
- A The number of participants in
the study
- B The ages of people treated
for high blood pressure with
other medications
- C The blood pressure of the participants
in the study
- D The number of people treated
for high blood pressure with other medications
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29
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- 28 What can be concluded from
the relationships described above?
- F Gas molecules travel longer
distances at greater speeds when the volume of the gas is decreased.
- G A gas is more likely to lose
kinetic energy when its volume is reduced.
- H Gas molecules collide less frequently
when the volume of the gas is increased.
- J A gas is more likely to
increase in momentum when its volume is increased.
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30
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31
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- 30 The table shows the time it
took trees of the same type and size to drop all of their leaves after
being grown in different atmospheres. For the experiment to be valid,
which of these must be a constant for all the trees?
- F The height of all the trees
during the entire experiment
- G The amount of water available to all
trees during the experiment
- H The mass of fallen leaves
collected from each tree
- J The rate of photosynthesis in
all trees during the experiment
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32
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- 31 Sickle-cell anemia is a
disorder resulting from a mutation that leads to the production of an
abnormal protein. Which component of the DNA molecule provides
instructions for the production of the protein?
- A The phosphate groups
- B The sugar molecules
- C The sequence of nitrogen bases
- D The bonds that hold the
sugars to the bases
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33
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- 32 Starting from rest at the
center of a skating rink, two skaters push off from each other over a
time period of 1.2 s. What is the force of the push by the smaller
skater?
- F 16 N G 32 N
- H 88 N J 100 N
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34
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- Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
- Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of immunization
happened by accident.
- In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from cholera. To
study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave injections of cholera
bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually died from
cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one group of
chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that these chickens had been injected
with a six-week-old batch of cholera bacteria.
- Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and
injected these chickens a second time. They also injected a group of
chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised
that the chickens that had been injected previously with the old
bacteria remained healthy, while all the chickens in the second group
became sick and died.
- This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened pathogens
can provide immunity from disease. The idea was later used to protect
animals from other serious diseases. Today immunizations help protect
people from many illnesses.
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35
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- 33 Which of these probably
served as the most useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from the older culture?
- A The health and behavior of the
injected chickens
- B The total number of cholera
cases observed
- C The changes in the shape and
color of the bacterial colonies
- D The recovery rate of chickens
previously infected with cholera
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36
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- 34 Which of these is the best
example of a
- mutualistic relationship in an aquatic environment?
- F Some fish can survive
repeated infections by harmful bacteria.
- G Some fish have bacteria living in their
digestive tract that help the fish digest food.
- H Some bacteria are present in
aquatic food chains in which fish are secondary consumers.
- J Some bacteria are aquatic
decomposers that recycle nutrients useful to fish.
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37
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- 35 Cholera-causing bacteria have
a single flagellum that allows these bacteria to —
- A move
- B reproduce
- C excrete water
- D produce sugar
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38
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- 36 Nine groups of students
dissolved as much potassium chloride as possible in water. Each group
used 100 mL of water heated to a different temperature. Which graph
shows the relationship between solubility and temperature for potassium
chloride?
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39
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- 37 Which of these produces most
of the compounds responsible for causing acid rain?
- A Nuclear fission
- B Fossil fuels
- C Solar cells
- D Windmills
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40
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- 38 Which of these elements is
most likely to donate one electron?
- F Be
- G Cs
- H Rn
- J He
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41
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- 39 Horses kept in stables
sometimes chew on wood. This can lead to damage to the mouth and
digestive system. The graph shows the results of a study of a medication
that prevents horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the product?
- A Most horses like the
medication.
- B The medication is most
effective between Days 4 and 5.
- C Most horses will show improvement
within 7 days.
- D The effects of the medication
are long lasting.
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42
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- 40 In all plant and animal
cells, the nucleus contains long molecules of DNA. Which of the
following best describes the function of DNA?
- F DNA provides the shape and
structure of the nucleus.
- G DNA packages materials for
transport through the nucleus.
- H DNA carries materials into and
out of the nucleus.
- J DNA contains the blueprint
for producing the whole organism.
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43
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- Hypothesis: Much of the iron
found in the topsoil of the island was carried from Africa by huge dust
clouds.
- Which study would most likely be used to investigate this hypothesis?
- A Tracking dust clouds with
satellite photos
- B Determining the effects of iron
on limestone
- C Calculating erosion rates in
African limestone mines
- D Analyzing the content of comet
dust clouds
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44
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- 42 Alpha particles are one type
of radioactivity. These particles have a nucleus of two protons and two
neutrons but have no orbital electrons. Based on this information, it
can be inferred that alpha particles are positive ions of the element —
- F actinium
- G curium
- H radium
- J helium
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45
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- 43 The picture above shows a
compound microscope. What part of
the microscope should be used to adjust the amount of light illuminating
a prepared slide?
- A Eyepiece
- B Rotating nosepiece
- C Diaphragm
- D Coarse-focus knob
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46
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- 44 Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
- F Competition
- G Extinction
- H Predation
- J Speciation
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47
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- 45 Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms within a single species.
Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the
amount of thymine. Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to
thymine is nearly 1:1?
- A Adenine and thymine pair with each other.
- B Adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine binds with nitrates.
- C Adenine and thymine are identical in chemical composition.
- D Adenine bases contain a form of thymine.
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48
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- 46 According to the periodic table and the information above, which
element has this electron configuration?
- F Sodium
- G Neon
- H Magnesium
- J Argon
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49
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- 47 Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply?
- A Chloroplasts from a host cell
- B A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus
- C New ADP from a host cell
- D A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA
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50
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- 48 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the information
above?
- F Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
- G Trade winds produce useful minerals in some oceans.
- H Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
- J Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse gases.
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51
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- 49 Which of these best explains why a freshwater aquarium would be a
dangerous habitat for saltwater fish?
- A The tissues of the saltwater fish would absorb too much acid.
- B The organs of the saltwater fish would produce too much protein.
- C The organ systems of the saltwater fish would consume too much energy.
- D The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too much water.
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52
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53
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- 51 A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing aids.
People with different types of hearing loss were included in the study.
Which question would help in determining whether the conclusion above is
valid?
- A What was the average age of the people in the study?
- B What was the most common occupation of people in the study?
- C How many people were included in the study?
- D How many people in the study had vision problems?
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54
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- 52 When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves in one direction, and the
balloon moves in another direction. Which statement does this situation
best illustrate?
- F What goes up must come down.
- G For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- H The shape and size of an object affect air resistance.
- J The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
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55
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- 53 A certain atom has a nucleus containing six protons and eight
neutrons and has six electrons orbiting the nucleus. This atom is a form
of the element —
- A silicon
- B carbon
- C magnesium
- D calcium
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56
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- 54 The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of European
rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid-1900s, the virus
greatly reduced the European rabbit population. Today the virus is not
an effective control of the European rabbit population. Fewer European
rabbits are affected by the virus today because they have —
- F learned to avoid the virus
- G moved away from infected areas
- H undergone a change in diet
- J developed resistance to the virus
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57
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- 55 Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three layers.
Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?
- A The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.
- B The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.
- C The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.
- D The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the buoyancy of Liquid 1.
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Notes
